ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies
ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies 

Lexical discrepancies in the editions of the Russian translation of the commercial treatise by John Law «Money and Trade»

DOI:10.30842/alp23065737182178207
PDF, 3.56 Mb
Korkina T. D. Leksicheskiye raznochteniya v redaktsiyakh russkogo perevoda kommercheskogo traktata Dzhona Lo «Money and Trade». Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2022. 18(2): 178–207.

The article presents a linguo-textological study of two editions of the Russian translation of the commercial treatise of the Scottish economist and banker John Law «Money and Trade considered: with a proposal for supplying the nation with money» (1705). The translation was carried out by Prince Ivan Andreevich Shcherbatov (1696–1767). To date, three lists of two editions of the translation have been identified —  1720 and 1724, stored in the manuscript collections of the Library of the Academy of Sciences and the Russian National Library of St. Petersburg. The article is the first attempt to compare these two editions for lexical discrepancies, as a result of which three types of lexical editing have been identified. Firstly, the inconsistent elimination of the few book-Slavic service lexemes (яко, однакожде, донележе) and replacing them with Russified conjunctions (как, однакож, пока) were carried out. Secondly, when working on the translation of trade and economic vocabulary and the selection of a more successful match, Shcherbatov made a choice in favor of loan words: for example, in the 1724 list, the word рукоделие was replaced by the loan word манифактура, and the word купечество by the loan word коммерция; the words равность, равновесие, щет were replaced by the loan word балянс, etc. Including noted occasional loan word calque —  драу бак (in the original —  drawback) in the meaning of ‘return (about duty)’. The third type of editing is no longer associated with the choice of a book-Slavic word or Russian, a loan word or native, but with the selection of the best synonym from the translator’s point of view, a more successful derivational variant. Of particular interest is the translator’s work on editing a group of etymologically different, but semantically close polysemantic words состояние, качество and степень, стать, рука and сорт. Based on the English original, Shcherbatov controlled the sphere of semantics of Slavic words.

Keywords
Russian language of the 18th century, Peter’s era, handwritten translations, commercial treatise, lexical discrepancies, trade and economic vocabulary
References
Birzhakova 1969
E. E. Birzhakova. O roli perevodnykh tekstov i izuchenii inoyazychnoy leksiki XVIII veka [On the role of translated texts and the study of foreign vocabulary of the 18th century]. V. M. Markov (ed.). Ocherki po istorii russkogo yazyka i literatury XVIII veka (Lomonosovskie chteniya) [Essays on the history of Russian language and literature of the 18th century (Lomonosov readings)]. Kazan: Kazan University Press, 1969. P. 138–143.
Birzhakova et al. 1972
E. E. Birzhakova, L. A. Voinova, L. L. Kutina. Ocherki po istoricheskoy leksikologii russkogo yazyka XVIII veka: Yazykovyye kontakty i zaimstvovaniya [Essays on the historical lexicology of the Russian language of the 18th century: Linguistic Contacts and Borrowings]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1972.
Hüttl-Folter 1996
G. Hüttl-Folter. Syntaktische Studien zur neueren russischen Literatursprache: Die frühen Übersetyungen aus dem Französischen. Wien; Köln; Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 1996.
Korkina 2020
T. D. Korkina. Traktat Dzhona Lo «Dengi i kupechestvo»: istoriya russkogo perevoda i tekstologicheskiy analiz spiskov [John Law’s Treatise «Money and Merchants»: History of Russian translation and textual analysis of copies]. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020. Vol. 16. Pt. 3. P. 725–743.
Kruglov 2004
V. M. Kruglov. Russkiy yazyk v nachale XVIII veka: uzus petrovskikh perevodchikov [The Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century: the usus of Peter’s translators]. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2004.
Kutina 1964
L. L. Kutina. Formirovaniye yazyka russkoy nauki (terminologiya matematiki, fiziki, geografii v pervoy treti XVIII veka). [Formation of the language of Russian science (terminology of mathematics, physics, geography in the first third of the 18th century)]. Moscow; Leningrad: Nauka, 1964.
Kutina 1978
L. L. Kutina. Posledniy period slavyano-russkogo dvuyazychiya v Rossii [The last period of Slavic-Russian bilingualism in Russia]. V. I. Borkovskiy (ed.). Slavyanskoe yazykoznanie. VIII mezhdunarodnyy sezd slavistov (Zagreb — Liubliana, sentyabr 1978 g.) [Slavic linguistics. VIII International congress of Slavists (Zagreb — Ljubljana, September 1978)]. Moscow: Nauka, 1978. P. 241–264.
Molkov 2016
G. A. Molkov. Upotrebleniye chastitsy bylo v perevode «Metamorfoz» Ovidiya nachala XVIII v. [The use of the particle bylo in the translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses of the early 18th century]. Trudy Instituta russkogo yazyka im. V. V. Vinogradova. 2016. Vol. 10. P. 454–464.
Molkov 2017
G. A. Molkov. Oboznacheniye ottenkov tsveta v fiziognomicheskom traktate «Anfroposkopiya» v russkom perevode 1732 goda [Designation of shades of color in the physiognomic treatise «Anphroposcopy» in the Russian translation of 1732]. E. P. Osipova (ed.). I. I. Sreznevskii i russkoe istoricheskoe yazykoznanie: opyt i perspektivy. K 205-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya I. I. Sreznevskogo: sbornik statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 21–23 sentyabrya 2017 g. [I. I. Sreznevsky and Russian historical linguistics: experience and perspectives. To the 205th anniversary of the birth of I. I. Sreznevsky: collection of articles of the International scientific and practical conference, September 21–23, 2017]. Ryazan: Ryazan State University Press, 2017. P. 50–56.
Molkov 2018
G. A. Molkov. Terminologiya traktatov A. P. Gannibala «Geometriya praktika» i «Fortifikatsiya» 1725–1726 gg. [The terminology of the treatises of A. P. Hannibal «Practical geometry» and «Fortification» 1725–1726]. S. D. Shelov, E. Tsisun (eds.). Terminologiya i znaniye. Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma (Moskva, 8–10 iyunya 2018 g.) [Terminology and knowledge. Iss. VI. Proceedings of the VI International symposium (Moscow, June 8–10, 2018)]. Moscow: V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018. P. 179–188.
Molkov 2020
G. A. Molkov. Zaimstvovaniya v traktatakh A. P. Gannibala po geometrii i fortifikatsii (1725–1726 gg.): k istorii neizmenyayemykh prilagatelnykh v russkom yazyke [Borrowings in the treatises of A. P. Hannibal on geometry and fortification (1725–1726): on the history of non-declining adjectives in Russian]. Trudy Instituta russkogo yazyka im. V. V. Vinogradova. Grammaticheskie protsessy i sistemy v diakhronii. Pamiati Andreia Anatol’evicha Zalizniaka [Grammatical processes and systems in diachrony. In memory of Andrei Anatolyevich Zaliznyak]. 2020. Iss. 23. P. 198–208.
Rusanova 2018
S. V. Rusanova. Otnositelnoye mestoimeniye kotoryy v yazyke zakonodatelnykh aktov Petrovskoy yepokhi i novyy yazykovoy standart [Relative pronoun kotoryy in the language of legislative acts of the Peter the Great era and the new language standard. E. V. Generalova, V. N. Kalinovskaya, I. A. Malysheva, M. N. Priyemysheva (eds.). Slavianskaya istoricheskaya leksikologiya i leksikografiya: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Slavic historical lexicology and lexicography: sat. scientific works]. Iss. 1. St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies Publ., 2018. P. 68–74.
Sokolov, Malysheva 2019
A. I. Sokolov, I. A. Malysheva. «Monarkhiya Turetskaya» v perevode P. A. Tolstogo kak istochnik izucheniya russkogo yazyka XVIII veka [«Turkish monarchy» translated by P. A. Tolstoy as a source of studying the Russian language in the 18th century. Vestnik Moskovskogo pedagogicheskogo instituta. Seriya «Filologiiya. Teoriya yazyka. Yazykovoe obrazovanie». 2019. No. 4 (36). P. 34–43.
Sokolov, Malysheva 2021
A. I. Sokolov, I. A. Malysheva. Tyurkizmy v odnom iz rannikh russkikh perevodov XVIII veka [Turkisms in one of the early Russian translations of the 18th century. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Yazyk i literatura. 2021. Iss. 18 (1). P. 187–201.
Sorokin 1965
Yu. S. Sorokin. O «Slovare russkogo yazyka XVIII veka» [About the «Dictionary of the 18th century Russian language»]. Yu. S. Sorokin (ed.). Materialy i issledovaniya po leksike russkogo yazyka XVIII veka [Materials and research on the vocabulary of the Russian language of the 18th century]. Moscow; Leningrad: Nauka, 1965. P. 5–42.
Troitskiy 1970
S. M. Troitskiy. «Sistema» Dzhona Lo i yeye russkiye posledovateli [The “system” of John Law and her Russian followers]. F. Brodel (ed.). Franko-russkiye yekonomicheskiye svyazi [Franco-Russian economic ties]. Moscow; Paris: Nauka, 1970. P. 90–138.
Vinogradov 1982
V. V. Vinogradov. Ocherki po istorii russkogo literaturnogo yazyka XVII–XIX vekov [Essays on the history of the Russian literary language of the 17th–19th centuries]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1982.
Veselitskii 1972
V. V. Veselitskii. Otvlechennaya leksika v russkom literaturnom yazyke XVIII — nachala XIX v. [Abstract vocabulary in the Russian literary language of the 18th — early 19th centuries]. Moscow: Nauka, 1972.
Zhivov 1988
V. M. Zhivov. Smena norm v istorii russkogo literaturnogo yazyka XVIII veka [Change of norms in the history of the Russian literary language of the 18th century] Russian linguistics. 1988. Vol. 12. P. 3–47.
Keywords
Russian language of the 18th century, Peter’s era, handwritten translations, commercial treatise, lexical discrepancies, trade and economic vocabulary
ScopusSCImago Journal & Country RankE-Library.ruCrossRefCyberLeninkaVAKERIH Plus