DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716109
Ryzhova D. A., Kuleshova M. L.
Leksiko-tipologicheskiy podkhod k analizu pristavochnykh derivatov:
glagoly padeniya s pristavkami *o-/ob- v russkom, serbskom i
slovenskom yazykakh. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020.
XVI(1): 299–343.
The paper presents a novel approach to a typologically oriented
semantic analysis of Slavic prefixes exemplified with the data of
Russian, Serbian and Slovenian verbs of falling with the prefixes
*o-/ob-. Based on dictionary and corpus data
supplemented by native speakers surveys we scrutinize
distributional properties of the verbs of falling with the prefixes
*o-/ob- and form a list of their meanings
expressed in different contexts.
We show that Russian and Serbian cognates cover one and the same
conceptual space, but the verbs partition it in different ways,
i.e. the differences between Russian and Serbian within this
semantic domain are mostly due to semantic properties of the verbal
roots, while the prefixes exhibit a similar linguistic behavior. In
Serbian, unlike Russian, the root ‑val- is not used in the
domain of falling, and the Serbian root -pad- covers
almost all the situations, in which -syp- is used in
Russian. Thus, cognates are not semantically equivalent to each
other, for instance, the Serbian verb osuti se
corresponds to Russian verbs obsypat’sya and
obrushit’sya rather than to its direct cognate
osypat’sya. In Slovenian, the system of the verbal roots
with the meaning of falling is very close to the Serbian one (the
root -val- is not present, -pad- is used
broader), while the semantics of the prefixes changes: the prefixes
od-, z- and u- drive out
o-/ob- in different subzones of the conceptual
space.
We visualize these tendencies with a semantic map, which allows
to map both roots and prefixes without any violation of the
Semantic Map Connectivity Hypothesis (every linguistic means covers
a connected region on a map). We also demonstrate that the verbs
covering the same points on the map, and not the cognates as one
could expect, develop the same metaphoric extensions. For example,
the metaphor of the decrease («Less is Down») is conveyed by the
Serbian verb opasti and the Slovenian verb
upasti, which both denote literal level recession.
Keywords
Slavic prefixes, prefixes *o‑/ob‑, verbs of
falling, semantic map, Russian, Slovenian, Serbian
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