The French grammar on coordination or
conjunction of nine parts of speech by I. S. Gorlitsky (1724):
Pragmatics, sources and linguistic features
DOI:10.30842/alp23065737183130152
Kareva N. V., Sharikhina M. G.
«Grammatika frantsuzskaya o soglasii ili sochinenii devyati
chastekh slova» I. S. Gorlitskogo (1724): pragmatika, istochniki i
yazykovyye osobennosti. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana.
2022. 18(3): 130–152.
The article treats the French Grammar by I. S.
Gorlitsky, a manuscript housed in the Academy of Science Library
Manuscript Department (P I B, No. 106). It presents findings of our
preliminary textual and linguistic analysis, with earlier findings
by S. V. Vlasov (2013) and L. V. Moskovkin (2017, 2019) appended as
well. Researchers believe that the French Grammar…
manuscript was meant for Princess Elizabeth. An analysis of the
reference material used in the manual supports the idea that it was
prepared for a member of a noble, or the royal, family. Language
examples it provides mention names of Russian and European cities
as well as French kings’ names or names of the Popes. To illustrate
grammatical principles, the French Grammar… invokes the
most significant events recorded in the Bible or in the ancient or
French history; many of the examples also refer to the daily life
of the Europeanized Russian nobility in the early XVIII century.
Gorlitsky’s grammatical terminology reflects his commitment to the
linguistic description tradition dating back to Meletiy
Smotrytsky’s Grammar. At the same time, the textbook
borrows from late-seventeenth-century French textbooks and
dictionaries such as P. Richelet’s Dictionnaire françois
and J.-R. Pepliers’ La parfaite grammaire royale
Françoise. The paper suggests that the manuscript analyzed was
not a stand-alone study in French syntax but rather one of several
parts of a larger educational project. When translating French
words into Russian, the manual used lexicographic approaches
similar to those found in dictionaries and lexicons of the second
half of the XVII — first quarter of the XVIII centuries. At the
same time, the textbook uses words that are not registered in
sources from earlier periods. It also makes use of borrowings that
found their way into Russian only during the Petrine era. Some
lexical and syntactic features of the French Grammar…
bring it closer to the third part of the Description of
Japan by F. Karon, also translated by Gorlitsky in 1734.
French Grammar represents the first known attempt to
compile a French grammar for the Russian reader, and this study
aims to demonstrate its important historical, cultural and
linguistic value.
Keywords
grammar textbook, the XVIII century Russian,
Gorlitsky, grammatical terminology, lexical borrowings
About the authors
Sharikhina
Milyausha͏ G.
Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia)
justmilya@yandex.ru
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Keywords
grammar textbook, the XVIII century Russian,
Gorlitsky, grammatical terminology, lexical borrowings
