DOI:10.30842/alp23065737182118162
Klyucheva M. A. Churaniya
(formuly-vosklitsaniya) v mariyskikh pryatkakh. Acta
Linguistica Petropolitana. 2022. 18(2): 118–162.
The article deals with game terminology in Mari. The research is
based on a wide range of sources including academic and popular
publications on the Mari language, folklore and ethnography texts,
archival materials and recent field data, fiction published in
Mari, etc. The article discusses about 20 exclamation hide-and-seek
formulas from different dialects of Mari. As most of these are not
captured by the existing published dictionaries, this research
therefore is also a contribution into Mari vocabulary studies. The
paper reveals a wide variety of exclamation formulas used in
different Mari settlements. Their connection with similar
vocabulary in Russian dialects and with the game folklore of the
neighboring Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples (Tatars, Chuvash,
Udmurts) is indicative of a high level of linguistic and cultural
interaction in the Ural-Volga region. The processes of lexical item
borrowing / penetration from other languages are often accompanied
by semantic bleaching, typical of child language and game folklore.
The paper also shows that exclamation formulas in hide-and-seek in
Mari usually contain a component representing a name for a stick or
an onomatopoeic expression for knocking. Previously, similar
observations were made for Russian material. This typological
feature of exclamations is a reflection of the evolution of the
game procedure: while no stick is used in hide-and-seek today (for
example, in city or in-house environments), the reference to a
stick is still found in the formulae. Less often, Mari exclamations
contain a derogatory name for the loser. Exclamation formulas are
actively used in word-derivation and can serve as a base for game
names, for the name of ‘the odd man out’ or his/her actions during
the game, for game loci or for objects used in games, or for
specific local names for “hide-and-seek” games. It is necessary to
continue research into game terminology in the native languages of
Russia. At present, of particular relevance are large-scale field
studies involving recording and documentation of folk game
vocabulary.
Keywords
child language, dialectism, folk games, game
folklore, languages in contact, Mari language, regional vocabulary,
desemantisation
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