Valency change of English verbs
DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716326
Yulikova N. M. Izmeneniye valentnosti
angliyskikh glagolov. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana.
2020. XVI(3): 837–880.
Many valency studies focus on typical valency configurations, because they rely on dictionaries as their main data source. This paper focuses on both texts and dictionaries, with the former chosen as the main information resource. This paper builds on the theory of structural and functional syntax and views valency as a syntactic property of verbs disclosed in sentences through basic syntactic units or syntaxemes demonstrating specific syntactic meanings and a range of distinctive features. Thus, the syntactic locative category embraces syntaxemes of two of the three functional classes with substantive and qualificative properties that, in their turn, represent syntactic categories as well. Therefore, one can say that the syntactic locative category interacts with the syntactic categories of substantiality and qualificativity.Verbs with the same locative valencies and common lexical semantics can combine in valency groups. There are valency groups comprising verbs with varying valency properties such as verbs of motion, speech, etc. The cases of use of certain syntaxemes with verbs can be either frequent or have low frequency of occurrence. Such occasional changes in verbs’ valency, i.e. in their syntactic properties, can be described as “syntactic shifts”. These valency changes of verbs play the role of structural signals, acting in some cases as formal indicators of the text’s discreteness, and in some cases as its integrators. Syntactic shifts can be markers of the beginning of a paragraph and the end of a paragraph (indicators of discreteness), and also occur in the middle of a paragraph, playing the role of semantic peaks (acting as integrators). The article shows that low-frequency elements considered peripheral can play an important role in text formation. The specific method of analysis applied in this paper reveals instances of discursive use of the syntactic locative category.
Keywords
References
S. N. Andreyev. Sopostavitelnyy
analiz tekstov metodom diskriminantnogo analiza [Benchmarking texts
by the method of discriminant analysis]. S. N. Andreyev, L. A.
Kuzmin (еds.). Mnogomernyy analiz v lingvistike
[Multidimensional Analysis in Linguistics]. Smolensk: Smolensk
State Pedagogical University Press, 2002. P. 27–36.
Yu. D. Apresyan. Tipy sootvetstviya
semanticheskikh i sintaksicheskikh aktantov [Types of
correspondence of semantic and syntactic actants]. V. S.
Khrakovskiy, S. Yu. Dmitrenko, N. M. Zaika (еds.). Problemy
tipologii i obshchey lingvistiki [Problems of typology and
general linguistics]. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2006. P.
15–27.
É. Benveniste. Obshchaya
lingvistika. [Problems in general linguistics]. Moscow:
Progress, 1974.
R. Bod. Enriching Linguistics
with Statistics: Performance Models of Natural Language. PhD
thesis. Amsterdam: Institute for Logic, Language and Computation,
Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1995. P. 146–162.
W. Busse. Klasse, Transitivität,
Valenz. München: Finck, 1974.
W. Croft. Typology and
Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
W. Croft. Construction grammar. D.
Geeraerts, H. Cuyckens (eds.). Handbook of Cognitive
Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. P.
463–508.
D. A. Cruse. Lexical
semantics (Cambridge textbooks in linguistics). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1986.
D. Crystal. A Dictionary of
Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Oxford:
Blackwell, 2008.
W. Dressler. Sintaksis teksta
[Textsyntax]. T. M. Nikolayeva (ed.) Novoe v zarubezhnoy
lingvistike [New in foreign linguistics]. Iss. 8. Moscow:
Progress, 1978. P. 111–137.
R. Emons. Valenzen englischer
Prädikatsverben. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1974.
V. G. Gak.
Funktsionalno-semanticheskoye pole predikatov lokalizatsii
[Functional-semantic field of localization predicates]. A. V.
Bondarko (ed.). Teoriya funktsionalnoy grammatiki. Lokativnost.
Bytiynost. Posessivnost. Obuslovlennost [The theory of
functional grammar. Lokativity. Beingness. Possession.
Conditionality]. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1996. P. 6–26.
I. R. Galperin. Tekst kak obyekt
lingvisticheskogo issledovaniya [Text as an object of
linguistic study]. Moscow: Nauka, 1981.
A. E. Goldberg. Constructions. A
Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago:
The University of Chicago Press, 1995.
A. E. Goldberg. Constructions at
work: The nature of generalization in language. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2006.
E. A. Goncharova, I. P. Shishkina.
Interpretatsiya teksta. Nemetskiy yazyk [Interpreting the
text. German]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 2005.
A. W. de Groot. Structurele
syntaxis. Den Haag: Servire, 1949.
J. K. Gundel, K. Houlihan, G. A.
Sanders. Markedness and Distribution in Phonology and Syntax. F. R.
Eckman, E. A. Moravcsik, J. R. Wirth (eds.). Markedness.
Boston, MA: Springer, 1986.
M. Haspelmath, T. Müller-Bardey.
Valency change. G. Booij, Ch. Lehmann, Jo. Mugdan (eds.).
Morphology: A Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation.
Vol. 2 (Handbücher zur Sprach und Kommunikationswissenschaft).
Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. P. 1130–1145.
G. Helbig. Probleme der Valenz-
und Kausustheorie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1992.
T. Herbst. Untersuchungen zur
Valenz englischer Adjektive und ihrer Nominalisierungen.
Tübingen: Narr, 1983.
T. Herbst. English Valency
Structures: A First Sketch. Erfurt Electronic Studies
in English. 1999. Available at:
http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/edoc/ia/eese/rahmen22.html (accessed on
24.08.2020).
T. Herbst. Why Construction Grammar
Catches the Worm and Corpus Data can Drive you Crazy: Accounting
for Idiomatic and Non-Idiomatic Idiomaticity. Journal of Social
Sciences. 2015. Vol. 11. Iss. 3. P. 91–110.
T. Herbst, K. Götz-Votteler (eds.).
Valency: Theoretical, Descriptive and Cognitive Issues
(Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 187). Berlin, New
York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007.
Ch. F. Hocket. A Course in Modern
Linguistics. New York: Macmillan, 1958.
V. B. Kasevich. Semantika.
Sintaksis. Morfologiya. [Semantics. Syntax. Morphology].
Moscow: Nauka, 1988.
V. B. Kasevich. Yellipsis i pro-drop
[Ellipsis and pro-drop]. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Trudy
Instituta lingvisticheskikh issledovaniy. 2014. Vol. X. Pt. 3.
P. 315–323.
S. D. Katsnelson. O grammaticheskoy
kategorii [On the grammatical category]. Vestnik
Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 1948. No. 2.
P. 114–134.
V. S. Khrakovskiy. Passivnyye
konstruktsii [Passive constructions]. A. A. Kholodovich (ed.).
Tipologiya passivnykh konstruktsiy [Typology of passive
contructions]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1974. P. 5–45.
V. S. Khrakovskiy.
Verbotsentricheskiy podkhod k konstruktsiyam i (ili) grammatika
konstruktsiy [Verbotcentric approach to structures and (or) the
grammar of constructions]. Yu. D. Apresyan, I. M. Boguslavskiy, L.
Vanner, L. L. Iomdin, Ya. Milichevich, M.-K. L. Omm, A. Polger
(eds.). Smysly, teksty i drugiye zakhvatyvayushchiye
syuzhety. Sbornik statey v chest 80-letiya Igorya
Aleksandrovicha Melchuka [Senses, texts and other captivating
plots. Collection of articles in honor of the 80th
anniversary of Igor Alexandrovich Melchuk]. Moscow: Yazyki
slavyanskikh kultur, 2012. P. 288–300.
V. S. Khrakovskiy. Dva podkhoda k
analizu sintaksicheskikh konstruktsiy: «leksiko-semanticheskiy» i
«konstruktsionnyy» (opyt sopostavleniya) [Two approaches to the
analysis of syntactic constructions: “lexical semantic” and
“constructional” (an essay in comparison)]. Acta Linguistica
Petropolitana. Trudy Instituta lingvisticheskikh issledovaniy.
2014. Vol. X. Pt. 2. P. 25–40.
G. V. Kolshanskiy.
Kommunikativnaya funktsiya i struktura yazyka
[Communicative function and the structure of the language]. Mosсow:
Nauka, 1984.
G. Leech. Semantics.
Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1974.
B. Levin. English Verb Classes
and Alternations. A Preliminary Investigation. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1993.
T. Lohndal. Phrase structure and
argument structure: A case study of the syntax–semantics
interface (Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 49).
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Lyons 1977 — J.
Lyons. Semantics. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1977.
P. Matthews. The scope of valency in
grammar. T. Herbst, K. Götz-Votteler (eds.). Valency:
Theoretical, Descriptive and Cognitive Issues (Trends in
Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 187). Berlin; New York: Mouton
de Gruyter, 2007.
O. I. Moskalskaya. Grammatika
teksta [Text Grammar]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1981.
A. M. Mukhin. Metod strukturnogo
analiza sintaksicheskikh yavleniy [The method of structural
analysis of syntactical phenomena]. Tezisy dokladov na
soveshchanii yazykovedov vuzovskikh i akademicheskikh uchrezhdeniy
po teoreticheskim voprosam sintaksisa [Abstracts of reports at
the meeting of linguists of university and academic institutions on
theoretical issues of syntax]. Moscow: S. n., 1960. P. 10.
A. M. Mukhin. Funktsionalnyy
analiz sintaksicheskikh yelementov (na materiale drevneangliyskogo
yazyka) [Functional analysis of syntactic elements (on the
material of the Old English language)]. Moscow; Leningrad: Nauka,
1964.
A. M. Mukhin. Sintaksemnyy analiz
i problema urovney yazyka [Syntaxeme analysis and the problem
of language levels]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1980.
A. M. Mukhin. Valentnost i
sochetayemost glagolov [Valency and compatibility of verbs].
Voprosy yazykoznaniya. 1987. No. 6. P. 52–64.
A. M. Mukhin. Sistemnyye
otnosheniya perekhodnykh glagolnykh leksem (Na materiale
angliyskogo i russkogo yazyka) [System relationships of
transitive verbal lexemes (On the material of English and
Russian)]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1987.
A. M. Mukhin. Variantnost
sintaksicheskikh yedinits [Variation of syntactic units]. St.
Petersburg: Nauka, 1980.
A. M. Mukhin. Strukturnyy i
funktsionalnyy sintaksis predlozheniya [Structural and functional
sentence syntax]. Lingvisticheskiye issledovaniya
1998 [Linguistic research 1998]. St. Petersburg: Institute
for Linguistic Studies, 1999. P. 110–117.
A. M. Mukhin. Funktsionalnyy
sintaksis [Functional syntax]. St. Petersburg: Nauka,
1999.
A. M. Mukhin. Yeksperiment i
modelirovaniye v lingvistike: Strukturnyy sintaksis
predlozheniya [Experiment and modeling in linguistics:
Structural syntax of a sentence]. St. Petersburg: Nauka,
2004.
V. A. Plungyan. Diskurs i
grammatika [Discourse and grammar]. V. A. Plungyan, V. Yu. Gusev,
A. Yu. Urmanchiyeva (eds.). Issledovaniya po teorii
grammatiki. Vyp. 4: Grammaticheskiye kategorii v
diskurse [Reseach in the theory of grammar. Iss. 4.
Grammatical categories in discourse]. Moscow: Gnozis, 2008. P.
7–31.
V. A. Plungyan. Vvedeniye v
grammaticheskuyu semantiku: grammaticheskiye znacheniya i
grammaticheskiye sistemy yazykov mira [Introduction into
grammatical semantics: grammatical meanings and grammatical systems
of the languages of the world.] Moscow: Russian State University
for the Humanities Press, 2011.
A. Przepiórkowski. The origin of the
valency metaphor in linguistics. Lingvisticæ
Investigationes. 2018. Vol. 41. Iss. 1. P. 152–159.
L. V. Shcherba. O vtorostepennykh
chlenakh predlozheniya [On the secondary parts of speech]. M. I.
Matusevich (ed.). Izbrannyye raboty po yazykoznaniyu i
fonetike [Selected papers on linguistics and phonetics]. St.
Petersburg State University Publishing House, 1958. P.
92–103.
S. V. Shustova, E. A. Smirnova.
Glagolnaya valentnost kak semantiko-grammaticheskaya kategoriya
[Verb valence as semantic-grammar category]. Vestnik Permskogo
universiteta. 2015. Iss. 4. P. 2–29.
G. G. Silnitskiy. Semanticheskiye
i valentnostnyye klassy angliyskikh kauzativnykh glagolov
[Semantic and Valence classes of English causative verbs]. Author’s
abstract of phil. doct. diss. Leningrad: Institute of Linguistics
of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, 1974.
H. L. Somers. On the validity of the
complement—adjunct distinction in valency grammar.
Linguistics. 1984. Vol. 22. Iss. 4. P. 507–530.
L. Tesnière. Esquisse d’une
Syntaxe Structurale. Paris : Klincksieck, 1953.
L. Tesnière. Éléments de Syntaxe
Structurale. Paris : Klincksieck, 1959.
Ya. G. Testelets. Vvedeniye v
obshchiy sintaksis. [Introduction into general syntax].
Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities Press,
2001.
N. S. Trubetzkoy. Osnovy
fonologii [Principles of Phonology]. Moscow: Aspekt-Progress,
2000.
B. A. Uspenskiy. Problema
universaliy v yazykoznanii [The problem of universals in
linguistics]. B. A. Uspenskiy (ed.). Novoye v lingvistike.
Vyp. 5. (Yazykovyye universalii) [New in linguistics. Iss.
5. (Language universals)]. Moscow: Progress, 1970.
B. A. Uspenskiy. Otnosheniya
podsistem v yazyke i svyazannyye s nim universalii [The
relationship of the subsystems in the language and the associated
universals]. B. A. Uspenskiy. Izbrannyye trudy [Selected
works]. Vol. 3. Moscow: Shkola “Yazyki russkoy kultury”, 1997. P.
34–57.
E. N. Uzdinskaya.
Sintaksicheskaya valentnost glagolov sovremennogo angliyskogo
yazyka [Syntactic valency of modern English verbs]: Author’s
abstract of phil. cand. diss. Kalinin: Kalinin State University,
1972.
N. M. Yulikova. O distributivnykh
sintaksemakh v angliyskom yazyke [Distributive syntaxemes in
English]. A. P. Sytov (ed.). Leksikologiya, leksikografiya,
grammatika. Lingvisticheskiye issledovaniya 1995 [Lexicology,
lexicography, grammar. Linguistic research 1995]. St. Petersburg:
Institute for Linguistic Studies, 1996. P. 149–153.
G. A. Zolotova. Sintaksicheskiy
slovar slovar. Repertuar yelementarnykh yedinits russkogo
sintaksisa [The syntaxeme dictionary. The repertoire of
elementary units of Russian syntax]. Moscow: Nauka, 1988.
