Adoption of M. Lomonosov’s grammar ideas by Russian grammars of the second half of the 18th century
DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716321
Vlasov S. V., Volkov S. S., Moskovkin L.
V. Retseptsiya grammaticheskikh idey M. V. Lomonosova v russkikh
grammatikakh vtoroy poloviny XVIII v.. Acta Linguistica
Petropolitana. 2020. XVI(3): 689–724.
The article reviews the influence of M. V. Lomonosov’s Rossijskaya grammatika (Russian grammar), St. Petersburg, 1755) on the Russian grammars for foreign students issued in the second half of the 18th century: Élémens de la langue russe ou Méthode courte et facile pour apprendre cette langue conformément à l’usage (St. Petersburg, 1768) by J.-B. J. Charpentier and F. de Marignan, Russische Sprachlehre zum bestem der deutschen Jugend eingerichtet von Jac. Rodde (Riga, 1773), and Remarques sur la langue russienne et sur son alphabet, avec des Pièces relatives à la connoissance de cette Langue (St. Pétersbourg, 1791) by Phéodore Karjavine. The review is subdivided into three paragraphs on Russian nouns and adjectives (gender, declination, case), on the Russian verb tense system, and on Russian adverbs (semantic classes). A comparative analysis of the respective Rossijskaya grammatika’s paragraphs and the corresponding chapters of the textbooks for foreign students reveals a strong influence of Lomonosov’s concepts on their metalanguage, interpretation of grammatical phenomena, and examples used. Notably, apart from Lomonosov’s Rossijskaya grammatika, they also build on some other resources, mostly the Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache (St. Petersburg, 1731) by V. E. Adodurov. The study shows that the grammatical sections of these textbooks, rather than using direct translations from Rossijskaya grammatika, tend to rethink and enrich Lomonosov’s grammatical theory. Such innovations reflect the authors’ linguistic ideas, teaching experience, knowledge of their students’ needs, etc. The analysis allows to overview and reconstruct the post-Lomonosov period in the history of the 18th century Russian linguistics and linguodidactics. All this shows the importance of a philological study of manuals of the Russian language for foreigners as a source of information for historical phonetics, accentology, grammar, lexicology, and phraseology, especially since the authors of these manuals sought to reflect the Russian speech of their time.
Keywords
References
[V. Е. Adodurov]. Anfangs-Gründe
der Russischen Sprache. Nemetsko-latinskiy i
ruskiy Leksikon kupno s pervymi nachalami ruskago yazyka k obshchey
polze pri Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk pechatiyu izdan.
[German-Latin and Russian Dictionary with the basics of the Russian
Language. Published to common favor by Imperial Academy of
Sciences]. St. Petersburg: The typography of Imperial Academy of
Sciences, 1731.
M. P. Alekseyev. Filologicheskiye
nablyudeniya F. V. Karzhavina: Iz istorii russkoy filologii v XVIII
veke [Philological observations of F. V. Karzhavin: from the
history of Russian philology in the XVIII century]. Proceedings
of St. Petersburg State University. 1961. No. 299. Series of
philological Sciences. Iss. 59: Roman philology. P. 8–36.
S. Archaimbault. Les élémens de la
langue russe de Jean-Baptiste Jude Charpentier (1768), ou les
Français et l’apprentissage de la langue russe au XVIIIe siècle. G.
Hassler, P. Schmitter (eds.). Sprachdiskussion und Beschreibung
von Sprachen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. Münster:
Nodus, 1999. P. 371–380.
S. Archaimbault. Préhistoire de
l’aspect verbal. L’émergence de la notion dans les grammaires
russes. Paris : CNRS éd., 1999.
H. L. Ch. Bacmeister. Russische
Bibliothek. Des dritten Bandes erstes Stück. St. Petersburg;
Riga; Leipzig: bey Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1775.
I. I. Balitskiy. Materialy dlya
istorii slavyanskogo yazykoznaniya [Materials for the history
of Slavic linguistics]. Pt. 1. Kiev: The typography of the
Kiev-Pecherska Lavra, 1876.
W. Bernhagen. Jacob Rodde als
Verfasser des Gesprӓchsbuches «Домашние разговоры» — «Gesprӓche von
Haussachen». H. Grasshoff, U. Lehmann (Hrsg.). Studien zur
Geschichte der russischen Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts. Band
II. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1968. S. 114–121, 395–397.
J. Boedikerus. Grund-Saetze der
Deutschen Sprachen im Reden und Schreiben. Cölln an der Spree:
Druckts Ulrich Liebpert, 1690.
A. S. Budilovich. M. V. Lomonosov
kak naturalist i filolog [M. V. Lomonosov as a naturalist and
philologist]. St. Petersburg: The typography of V. Golovin,
1869.
I. I. Davydov. Predisloviye k novomu
izdaniyu Rossiyskoy Grammatiki Mikhaila Lomonosova [Preface to the
new edition of the Russian Grammar by Mikhail Lomonosov].
Grammatika russkogo yazyka akademika M. V. Lomonosova, 1755
goda [Russian grammar of academician M. V. Lomonosov, 1755].
St. Petersburg: The typography of Imperial Academy of Sciences,
1855. P. I–LXXXIII.
S. R. Dolgova. Tvorcheskiy put F.
V. Karzhavina [Career of Ph. V. Karjavine]. Leningrad: Nauka,
1984.
B. A. Djubo. Ratsionalizm i yempirizm
v nemetskikh grammaticheskikh trudakh XVI–XVIII vv. [Rationalism
and Empiricism in German Grammar treatises of the 16th — 18th
centuries]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University Press,
2001.
N. V. Kareva. Stanovleniye traditsii
grammaticheskogo opisaniya russkogo yazyka (1730—1750-e gg.)
[Formation of the Russian language grammatical description
tradition (1730—1750)]. P. E. Bukharkin, E. M. Matveyev, A. Yu.
Tiraspolskaya (eds.). Literaturnaya kultura Rossii XVIII
veka [The Russian literary culture of the XVIII century]. Iss.
4. St. Petersburg: Philological Faculty, St. Petersburg State
University Press, 2011. P. 90–109.
N. V. Kareva, K. A. Filippov. K
voprosu o klassifikatsii vremennykh form glagola v «Rossiyskoy
grammatike» M. V. Lomonosova i ee perevode na nemetskiy yazyk [On
the classification of tense verb forms in M. V. Lomonosov’s
“Russian Grammar” and its translation into German].
Indoyevropeyskoye yazykoznaniye i klassicheskaya
filologiya. 2010. Vol. XIV. P. 436–444.
H. Keipert. Geschichte der russischen
Literatursprache. H. Jachnow (Hrsg.). Handbuch der
sprachwissenschaftlichen Russistik und ihren Grenzdisziplinen.
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999. S. 726–779.
H. Keipert. Das Russisch-Lehrwerk von
Jacob Rodde. Zur Kenntnis der russischen Sprache im
deutschsprachigen Raum im 18. Jahrhundert. D. Dahlmann (Hrsg.).
Die Kenntnis Russlands im deutschsprachigen Raum im 18.
Jahrhundert: Wissenschaft und Publizistik über das Russische
Reich. Bonn: Bonn University Press, 2006. S. 85–110.
P. A. Klubkov. Formirovaniye
peterburgskoy traditsii lingvisticheskoy rusistiki (XVIII
— nachalo XIX v.) [Forming of St. Petersburg tradition of the
Russian linguistics (XVIII — the early XIX centuries)]. St.
Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 2011.
V. N. Makeyeva. Istoriya
sozdaniya «Rossiyskoy grammatiki» M. V. Lomonosova [M. V.
Lomonosov’s “Rossiyskaya grammatika” history]. Moscow; Leningrad:
Academy of Sciences of USSR Publishing House, 1961.
I. G. Miloslavskiy. Kratkaya
prakticheskaya grammatika russkogo yazyka [Brief practical
grammar of the Russian language]. Moscow: Russkiy yazyk,
1987.
D. E. Mikhalchi.
Slavyano-russkaya grammatika Ioganna Vernera Pauze
[Slavic-Russian grammar of Johann Werner Paus]. Author’s abstract
of a Doct. of Philology thesis]. Leningrad: Leningrad Branch of the
Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences,
1969.
N. McLelland. A historical study of
codeswitching in writing: German and Latin in Schottelius’
Ausführliche Arbeit von der Teutschen Haubt-Sprache (1663).
International Journal of Bilingualism. 2004. Vol. 8. No.
4. P. 499–524.
S. P. Obnorskiy. Lomonosov i russkiy
literaturnyy yazyk [Lomonosov and the Russian literary language].
S. P. Obnorskiy. Russkiy literaturnyy yazyk: Vekhi istorii
[Russian literary language: Landmarks of history]. Moscow: URSS,
2010. P. 136–150.
Risto Rönkä. U istokov russkoy i
slavyanskoy aspektologicheskoy mysli [At the root of Russian
and Slavic aspectual theory] (Acta Universitatis Tamperensis. Vol.
1074). Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2005.
L. I. Sazonova. Nemetsko-russkiy
filolog-perevodchik Yakov Rodde [German-Russian
philologist-translator Jacob Rodde]. S. Aloe (Hrsg.). Die
slavischen Grenzen Mitteleuropas: Festschrift für S. Bonazza zum
70. Geburtstag (Die Welt der Slaven. Sammelbände. Bd. 34).
Münсhen: Otto Sagner 2008. S. 173–179.
J. G. Schottel. Ausführliche
Arbeit von der Teutschen Haubt-Sprache. Braunschweig: gedruckt
durch Christoff Zilligern, 1663.
[A. L. Schlözer].
Obshchestvennaya i chastnaya zhizn Avgusta Lyudviga Shletsera,
im samim opisannaya. Perevod s nemetskogo V. F. Kenevicha [The
public and private life of August Ludwig Schlözer, described by
himself. Translation from German by V. F. Kenevich]. St.
Petersburg: The typography of Imperial Academy of Sciences,
1875.
D. V. Sichinava. Sravnitelnaya
stepen na po-. Materialy dlya proyekta korpusnogo
opisaniya russkoy grammatiki (http://rusgram.ru). Na pravakh
rukopisi [Comparative degree with po-. Materials for the project of
Russian grammar corpus description (http://rusgram.ru).]. Moscow,
2013.
G. Siedina. Leksikograficheskaya
deyatelnost F. V. Karjavina [Lexicographic work of F. V. Karjavin].
Russica Romana. 1997. Vol. IV. P. 67–89.
G. Siedina. Il plurilinguismo nei
Remarques sur la langue russienne et son alphabet di F. V. Karžavin
(1791). M. Ciccarini, K. Żaboklicki (eds.). Plurilinguismo
letterario in Ucraina, Polonia e Russia tra XVI et XVIII
secolo. Varsavia; Roma: Upowszechnianie Nauki — Oświata, 1999.
P. 162–177.
B. A. Uspenskiy. Pervaya russkaya
grammatika na rodnom yazyke (dolomonosovskiy
period otechestvennoy rusistiki) [The first Russian grammar in
the native language (the pre-Lomonosov period of Russian studies in
Russia)]. Moscow: Nauka, 1975.
B. A. Uspenskiy. Kratkiy ocherk
istorii russkogo literaturnogo yazyka (11–19th vv.) [Short essay on
the history of the Russian literary language (11–19th cent.)].
Moscow: Gnozis, 1994.
A. A. Vasilchikov. Semeystvo
Razumovskikh [The Razumovsky Family]: In 5 vol. St.
Petersburg: The typography of M. Stasyulevich, 1880.
S. V. Vlasov, L. V. Moskovkin. Iz
istorii sozdaniya uchebnikov russkogo yazyka kak inostrannogo v
Rossii: «Osnovy russkogo yazyka» Sharpantye i Marinyana (1768)
[From the history of the composition of the Russian language
textbooks for foreign students in Russia: “The fundamentals of the
Russian language” by Charpentier and Marignan (1768)]. Mir
russkogo slova. 2007. No. 1–2. P. 72–80.
S. V. Vlasov, L. V. Moskovkin. Iz
istorii sozdaniya uchebnikov russkogo yazyka kak inostrannogo v
Rossii: «Zametki o russkom yazyke i yego alfavite» Yerofeya i
Fedora Karzhavinykh (1789, 1791) [From the history of the
composition of the Russian language textbooks for foreign students
in Russia: “Notes on the Russian language and alphabet” by Yerofei
and Fedor Karjavine]. Mir russkogo slova. 2012. No. 1. P.
68–72.
S. V. Vlasov, L. V. Moskovkin. Iz
istorii sozdaniya uchebnikov russkogo yazyka kak inostrannogo v
Rossii: «Russische Sprachlehre» Yakoba Rodde (1773 g.) [From the
history of the composition of the Russian language textbooks for
foreign students in Russia: “Russische Sprachlehre” by Jacob Rodde
(1773)]. P. E. Bukharkin, E. M. Matveyev (eds.). Literaturnaya
kultura Rossii XVIII veka [The Russian literary culture of the
XVIII century]. Iss. 5. St. Petersburg: Philological Faculty, St.
Petersburg State University Press, 2014. P. 151–163.
S. S. Volkov, K. A. Filippov (eds.).
Vasiliy Yevdokimovich Adodurov. Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen
Sprache, ili Pervyye osnovaniya rossiyskogo yazyka [Vasiliy
Yevdokimovich Adodurov. «Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache» or
the “Basics of the Russian Language”]. St. Petersburg: Nauka;
Nestor-Istoriya, 2014.
V. B. Yevtyukhin. Narechiye [The
Adverb]. S. I. Bogdanov, M. D. Voeykova, V. B. Yevtyukhin, Yu. P.
Knyazev, Yu. V. Ryzhova, Yu. B. Smirnov. Morfologiya
sovremennogo russkogo yazyka [The morphology of the modern
Russian language]. St. Petersburg: Faculty of Philology and Arts,
St. Petersburg State University Press, 2009. P. 494–532.
E. O. Yershova. Grammaticheskaya
deyatelnost Ya. M. Rodde kak faktor rasprostraneniya russkogo
yazyka v nemetskoyazychnoy auditorii [The grammatical activity of
J. M. Rodde as a factor in the spread of the Russian language in a
German-speaking audience]. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo
lingvisticheskogo universiteta. 2011. No. 11: Yazykoznaniye.
P. 24–30.
E. O. Yershova. Russkiy yazyk v
nemetskoyazychnom mire XVI–XIX vv.:
istoriko-sotsiolingvisticheskoye issledovaniye uchebnoy literatury
raznykh zhanrov [Russian language in the German-speaking world
of the XVI–XIX centuries: A historical and sociolinguistic study of
textbooks of various genres]. Author’s abstract of a phil. cand.
thesis]. Moscow: Pushkin State Russian Language Institute,
2013.
V. M. Zhivov. Ocherki
istoricheskoy morfologii russkogo yazyka XVII–XVIII vekov
[Essays on the historical morphology of the Russian language of the
XVII–XVIII centuries]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoy kultury,
2004.
V. M. Zhivov. Istoriya yazyka
russkoy pismennosti [A history of the language of Russian
writings]. 2 vol. Moscow: Dmitry Pozharsky University Press,
2017.
