DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716308
Koryakov Yu. B. Kartografirovaniye
uralskikh yazykov. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020.
XVI(3): 169–183.
The paper is dedicated to the specifics of mapping the Uralic
languages. It draws a distinction between two types of maps, viz.
language maps and linguistic maps. Language maps display the
distribution of languages/dialects, while linguistic maps show the
geography of linguistic phenomena.
The history of language and ethnographic Uralic maps is
described beginning from the Köppen’s Atlas of European Russia of
1848.
The next section focuses on the use of census data for creating
language maps. The availability of quality census data on the
settlement level makes it possible to create detailed and
up-to-date maps for most Uralic language areas.
The unusual challenges for the Uralic languages mapper include a
low percentage of Uralic speakers in the total population of many
traditional areas. Sparsely populated areas with very low
population density and very small absolute population numbers
present another difficulty. Yet another problem is the seasonal
mobility of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups including some Uralic
peoples (Nenets, and partly Komi and Khanty). The difficulty of
obtaining information about pasture lands for different groups and
their routes is exacerbated by the fact that in cases involving
semi-nomadic groups, the language repertoire of the nomadic
populations may differ quite strongly from that of the permanent
residents of a given settlement. Additional difficulties are
presented by the strong influx of seasonal but numerous (mainly
Russian-speaking) personnel of oil-and-gas industries rapidly
developing in many Uralic areas. The main problem is to decide if
these should be plotted on the maps.
Another interesting subject is creating maps showing the
historical distribution of Uralic languages and its dynamics.
Though the overall Uralic languages area has not significantly
changed, the language situations at the microlevel have undergone
fundamental changes. While in the early 20th century
Uralic speakers made the majority in many parts of this spacious
area, they disappeared in some places or became minorities by the
end of the century.
The conclusion recapitulates the main points of the paper
including a general lack of quality maps of Uralic languages, the
importance of such maps, and the proposed ways and methods of their
creation.
Keywords
language mapping, Uralic, linguistic
geography, census
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