DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716220
Matveyev Ye. M. Naimenovaniya tropov i
figur rechi v russkikh ritorikakh: M. V. Lomonosov i yego
predshestvenniki. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020.
XVI(2): 565–581.
This article comprehends the materials of the dictionary “M. V.
Lomonosov’s Rhetoric” which was prepared by the team of the
department “The Dictionary of the Language of M. V. Lomonosov” of
the Institute for Linguistic Studies (Russian Academy of Sciences)
in collaboration with the seminar “Russian XVIIIth
Century” (St Petersburg State University) and published in St
Petersburg in 2017. The paper focuses on the comparison of the
terminology of tropes and figures in the rhetorical treatises by M.
Lomonosov (“Brief Guide to Rhetoric” and “Brief Guide to
Eloquence”) and in the East Slavonic rhetorical treatises of the
17th century: “Rhetoric” of 1620, “Rhetoric” by Sofroniy
Lihud, translated from Greek by Kozma Afonoiversky (1698),
“Rhetoric” by Mikhail Usachev (1699) and “Rhetorical hand” of
Stefan Yavorsky, translated from Latin by Fedor Polikarpov (1705).
We show that, unlike his predecessors, Lomonosov provides strict
differentiation between Greek borrowings and lexemes which are
Russian by origin: all terms of the section “Tropes” are Greek, and
all terms of the section “Figures” are Russian. The uniqueness of
Lomonosov’s “Brief Guide to Eloquence” lies in the fact that it
tends to lack terminological redundancy and synonymy which was
common in Russian rhetorical treaties of the 17th
centuries. We analyze the oscillations that Lomonosov experienced
during the nomination of tropes and figures. Сhanging the
terminology of the “Figures” section, Lomonosov replaced Greek
terms by Russian, replaced loan translations by new terms that
better explain the concept, sought to use a single word-formation
model and to abandon tautology. It demonstrates the diversity of
Lomonosov’s creative approach to the terminological heritage of his
predecessors: in some cases, he “borrows” existing terms, in others
he invents terms of his own or varies those that already exist, yet
in others, first using a new term he abandons it and opts for the
original term.
Keywords
tropes, figures of speech, rhetorical
terminology, Lomonosov, «A Brief Guide to Eloquence»
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