DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716208
Makartsev M. M. Fakultativnoye se v
albanskikh pridatochnykh izyasnitelnykh: opyt korpusnogo
issledovaniya. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020.
XVI(2): 181–213.
Albanian formally differentiates between the following types of
complements: Facts (complementizer që or se
‘that’), Activities (si ‘how’), and Potential ((që)
të ‘(in order) to’). The article focuses on the facultative
use of the Albanian complementizer of fact se in contexts
with connective words (çfarë ‘that’, ku ‘where’,
kur ‘when’, kush ‘who’, sa ‘how much;
how many’, si ‘how’) after matrix predicates of non-visual
access to information (a verb of speech them ‘say’,
psychic activity di ‘know’, and a verb introducing direct
questions pyes ‘ask’). Since the complementizer
se in these contexts can be used together with connective
words, it allows us to speak of double marking of the syntactic
connection between the matrix clause and the complement or of
unification of Albanian complements of Fact. While Fact-type
complements in Albanian are clearly opposed to Potential-type
complements, they are not fully differentiated from Activities. In
particular, both Facts and Activities can be introduced by the
facultative se. A statistical analysis of the Albanian
National Corpus demonstrates several tendencies in the use of the
facultative se with complements including connective
words. One of the factors influencing the use of se is the
closer context. Thus, di (se) çfarë and di (se)
kur support while di (se) si suppresses the use of
se. Diachronically (however limited a diachronic analysis
on the basis of ANC can be, considering the disproportional
representation of texts published before 1989), no significant
developments were found. The paper demonstrates the differences
between regions. The most similar in the use of the facultative
se are Albania and Kosovo, while the most dissimilar are
Kosovo and North Macedonia. My mixed effects (condition tree)
analysis shows text genres to be another factor in its
distribution. Notably, in quasipronominal uses of phraseological
units with the verb di ‘know’, the facultative se
is much less frequent then after free word combinations with the
same verb.
Keywords
Albanian syntax, Albanian language corpus,
complementation, complement clauses, language variation and
change
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