DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716127
Smirnitskaya A. A. Leksikalizatsiya
semanticheskikh poley ‘brosaniye’ i ‘padeniye’ v tamilskom yazyke.
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020. XVI(1):
859–897.
The paper examines the lexicalization of contiguous semantic
fields — FALLING and THROWING — in Tamil. The data obtained from
native speakers as well as from dictionaries and written sources is
considered. Lexical units of FALLING semantic field are
investigated with the help of a questionnaire developed within the
project and used for all the papers of this volume. The THROWING
semantic field is less described. Our research is based on the
questionnaire worked out in [Ivtushok 2015] which is adapted to
Tamil data.
Related with quasi-causative bond, these fields demonstrate
different semantic strategies of their lexification. The FALLING
field is organized as a strongly dominant zone, while the THROWING
field is covered by three main verbs and several more peripheral
ones. The main lexeme describing the semantics of FALLING in Tamil
(the dominant verb of the field) is viẓu. It is supported
by a number of verbs with considerably restricted meanings:
pey (“rainfall” and other natural phenomena),
utir (‘falling of leaves and similar objects’),
koṭṭu (‘loss of teeth, hair’), citaṟu (‘falling
with scattering in different directions’), cintu
(‘uncontrolled downward movement of liquids, including liquid
drops’), naẓuvu (‘falling with slipping’) and some others.
In the THROWING semantic field the main verbs er̠i (‘to
throw with an effort to the target’),
vīcu (‘to throw with less effort as a
wide sweeping movement’) and pōṭu (‘to
throw from a short distance with accuracy’) are also accompanied by
peripheral ones, like ey (‘to throw a light object’, ‘to
launch, as an arrow’), ir̠ai (‘to scatter a multiple
object to the sides, as to sow grain’). In addition to THROWING
frames suggested in [Ivtushok 2015], such as “throwing at a
target”, “throwing up”, “throwing down”, “multiple object
throwing”, “throwing inside a container” etc., the paper proposes
some new frames describing this semantic field in regards to Tamil
data, such as ‘throwing at a target with resistance overcoming’ or
‘throwing with a wide, sweeping movement without overcoming
resistance’.
Keywords
semantics, lexical typology, Tamil, movement
in the air, falling, throwing
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