DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716116
Kazkenova A. K. Glagoly padeniya v
kazakhskom yazyke. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020.
XVI(1): 523–544.
The article is devoted to the semantic analysis of verbs of
falling in Kazakh language. In particular, the composition of a
group of verbs is revealed, their semantic features were described,
the usage as part of serial constructions and the main directions
of metaphor construction.
The article has used the method of analysis, which was created
by the Moscow Lexical Typology Group. Data collection was performed
through the dictionaries, corpus data, speech observation, a survey
of Kazakh speakers, etc.
The main verb of falling in Kazakh is the verb құлау.
It means falling from above, losing a vertical orientation,
crashing down. In contrast to this, the separation of one object
from another or the part of a whole is expressed by the verb
түсу ‘to descend / fall’, as well as ұшу ‘to
fly’, шығу ‘to go out’. Moreover, the Kazakh language has
a number of verbs, which are detailing the process of falling by
its nature, the type of subject of falling, etc.
The process of falling is detailed by a number of verbs:
аударылу ‘to turn over’; ауу
‘to overturn / to tumble/ to turn over / hang on one
side’; жығылу ‘to be dumped/to be dropped’; сүріну
‘to stumble’; төмендеу ‘to lower/ to fall’ etc.
In addition, verbs of falling are often found by the type of
subject of falling. Via verbs can be detected various types of
precipitation, falling drops, small objects, liquid and loose
substances, etc.
Kazakh verbs of falling are used as part of serial
constructions: in combination with auxiliary verbs қалу
‘to stay’ and кету ‘to go away’, they express the
meaning of suddenness, brevity or completeness of action. The verb
of falling түсу ‘to go down/ to get down/ to fall’ can
also stand out as an auxiliary verb.
Verbs of falling develop metaphorical meanings of decrease, the
loss of functionality by objects and disability by a person, a
sudden and uncontrolled process, etc. At the same time, this or
that type of metaphor, as a rule, is expressed by any verb of
falling.
Keywords
verbs of falling, Kazakh, lexical typology,
semantics, metaphor, serial construction
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