ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies
ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies 

Verbs of falling in Kazakh language

DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716116
PDF, 539.53 kb
Kazkenova A. K. Glagoly padeniya v kazakhskom yazyke. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020. XVI(1): 523–544.

The article is devoted to the semantic analysis of verbs of falling in Kazakh language. In particular, the composition of a group of verbs is revealed, their semantic features were described, the usage as part of serial constructions and the main directions of metaphor construction.

The article has used the method of analysis, which was created by the Moscow Lexical Typology Group. Data collection was performed through the dictionaries, corpus data, speech observation, a survey of Kazakh speakers, etc.

The main verb of falling in Kazakh is the verb құлау. It means falling from above, losing a vertical orientation, crashing down. In contrast to this, the separation of one object from another or the part of a whole is expressed by the verb түсу ‘to descend / fall’, as well as ұшу ‘to fly’, шығу ‘to go out’. Moreover, the Kazakh language has a number of verbs, which are detailing the process of falling by its nature, the type of subject of falling, etc.

The process of falling is detailed by a number of verbs: аударылу ‘to turn over’; ауу to overturn / to tumble/ to turn over / hang on one side’; жығылу ‘to be dumped/to be dropped’; сүріну ‘to stumble’; төмендеу ‘to lower/ to fall’ etc.

In addition, verbs of falling are often found by the type of subject of falling. Via verbs can be detected various types of precipitation, falling drops, small objects, liquid and loose substances, etc.

Kazakh verbs of falling are used as part of serial constructions: in combination with auxiliary verbs қалу ‘to stay’ and кету ‘to go away’, they express the meaning of suddenness, brevity or completeness of action. The verb of falling түсу ‘to go down/ to get down/ to fall’ can also stand out as an auxiliary verb.

Verbs of falling develop metaphorical meanings of decrease, the loss of functionality by objects and disability by a person, a sudden and uncontrolled process, etc. At the same time, this or that type of metaphor, as a rule, is expressed by any verb of falling.

Keywords
verbs of falling, Kazakh, lexical typology, semantics, metaphor, serial construction
References
Balaқaev et al. 1967
M. Balaqaev, T. Qordabaev, A. Khasenova, A. Ysqaqov. Qazaq tіlіnіn’ grammatikasy. Morfologiya. Vol. І. [Kazakh language grammar. Morphology. Vol. І]. Almaty: G’ylym, 1967.
Grashchenkov 2015
P. V. Grashchenkov. Tyurkskie konverby i serializatsiya: sintaksis, semantika, grammatikalizatsiya. [Turkic converbs and serialization: syntax, semantics, grammarization]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoy kultury, 2015.
Lakoff, Johnson 1980
G. Lakoff, M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Mamanov 1949
I. E. Mamanov. Vspomogatelnye glagoly v kazakhskom yazyke. [Auxiliary verbs in Kazakh]. Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences Publisher House, 1949.
Maygeldieva 1998
Sh. M. Maygeldieva. Leksiko-semanticheskie gruppy glagolov russkogo i kazakhskogo yazykov (lingvisticheskie i lingvodidakticheskie aspekty). [Lexical and semantic groups of verbs in Russian and Kazakh (linguistic and linguodidactic aspects)]. Almaty: Qazaq universitetі, 1998.
Maysak, Rakhilina 2007
T. A. Maysak, E. V. Rakhilina (eds.). Glagoly dvizheniya v vode: leksicheskaya tipologiya. [Verbs of aquamotion: lexical typology]. Moscow: Indrik, 2007.
Mustakimova, Kuzmenko 2015
E. G. Mustakimova, E. A. Kuzmenko. Glagoly padeniya v leksiko-tipologicheskoy perspective. [Verbs of falling in a lexical typological perspective]. E. A. Lyutikova, A. V. Zimmerling, M. B. Konoshenko (eds.). Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii «Tipologiya morfosintaksicheskikh parametrov». Moscow: Moscow State Pedagogicical University Press, 2015. P. 149–160.
Orazov 1983
M. Orazov. Semantika kazakhskogo glagola (opyt semanticheskoy klassifikatsii). Diss… doc. filol. nauk. [Semantics of the Kazakh verb (experience of semantic classification). Author’s abstract of a phil. doc. diss., Institute of Linguistics, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences]. Alma-Ata, 1983.
Orazov 1991
M. Orazov. Қazaқ tіlіnіn’ semantikasy. [Semantics of the Kazakh language]. Almaty: Rauan, 1991.
Oralbaeva 1975
N. Oralbaeva. Қazaқ tіlіndegі etіstіktің analitikalyқ formanttary. [Analytical formants of verbs in the Kazakh language]. Almaty: G’ylym, 1975.
Rakhilina, Reznikova 2013
E. V. Rakhilina, T. I. Reznikova. Freymovyy podkhod k leksicheskoy tipologii [Frame approach to lexical typology]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya. 2013. No. 2. P. 3–31.
Rakhilina et al. 2015
E. V. Rakhilina, T. I. Reznikova, A. S. Vyrenkova, B. V. Orekhov, D. A. Ryzhova (eds.). E. V. Rakhilina (ad.). Glagoly zvukov zhivotnykh: tipologiya metaphor. [Verbs of animal sounds: typology of metaphors]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoy kultury, 2015.
Tenishev 1961
E. R. Tenishev. Glagoly dvizheniya v tyurkskikh yazykakh [Verbs of motion in Turkic languages]. Ye. I. Ubryatova (ed.). Istoricheskoe razvitie leksiki tyurkskikh yazykov [Historical development of the vocabulary of the Turkic languages]. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1961. P. 232–293.
Zholshaeva 2011
M. S. Zholshaeva. Qazaq tіlіndegі etіstіkter zhәne aspektualdy semantika. [Verbs and aspectual semantics in Kazakh]. Almaty: W.p., 2011.
Keywords
verbs of falling, Kazakh, lexical typology, semantics, metaphor, serial construction
E-Library.ruScopusCrossRefCyberLeninkaVAKERIH Plus