DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716114
Kashkin Ye. V. Glagoly peremeshcheniya
veshchestv v nekotorykh finno-ugorskikh yazykakh. Acta
Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020. XVI(1): 462–493.
The article deals with verbs describing motion of substances
(‘flow’, ‘stream’, ‘pour’ etc.) in three Finno-Ugric languages
(Komi, Western Khanty, and Hill Mari), which were not considered in
the previous typological studies of this domain. The article is
aimed at identifying the semantic oppositions between such verbs
from the typological perspective. The material has been collected
primarily in fieldwork by elicitation and is compared to the data
available in dictionaries (sometimes coming from other language
varieties). Methodologically, I rely on the frame-based approach to
lexical typology, which involves collocational analysis as the key
procedure for highlighting semantic oppositions A sketch of falling
verbs in each language is provided (focusing on how the basic
parameters of cross-linguistic variation are realized in my
sample), since they are contiguous to the domain being in the main
focus. The main part of the article provides the description of
flowing & pouring verbs in each language from the sample. I discuss
several semantic features of these verbs, such as the opposition
between a stream and drops, the colexification of moving liquids
and granular substances (with some language-specific constraints
dealing with some properties of the situations), special lexemes
for small amounts of liquids emitted from some entity, etc. Some
issues underdescribed in typological studies are touched upon (e.g.
a special verb in Khanty for small portions of liquids or pouring
substance moving in the air, such as fog or flour). The semantic
connections between, on the one hand, flowing & pouring, and, on
the other hand, falling of multiple subjects are analyzed, taking
into account the restrictions on the subject of falling (natural
entity vs. artifact, size of singular entities) and on the whole
situation (distributivity) available for this colexification
pattern. Other polysemy patterns developed by the verbs in question
are considered as well, e.g. the extension of the basic lexeme
kis’s’yny ‘flow, pour’ in Komi to some situations of
destruction.
Keywords
lexical typology, semantics, polysemy, verbs
of motion of substances, Finno-Ugric languages, Komi, Khanty, Hill
Mari
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