ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies
ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies 

LESS IS DOWN: Corpus-based approach for structure analysis of metaphorical sense of verbs padat’ and upast’

DOI:10.30842/alp2306573716110
PDF, 543.94 kb
Kultepina O. A. LESS IS DOWN: korpusnyy analiz struktury metaforicheskogo znacheniya russkikh glagolov padat i upast. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2020. XVI(1): 344–367.

The paper raises an issue of possibilities that are provided by corpus-based approach in analysis of metaphorical transfer based on the aspectual pair upast’ / ​padat’ (‘to fall’). The author reviews the structure of metaphorical meaning of predicates, which enforce the Lakoff’s metaphor ‘LESS IS DOWN’ and copy some parts of valency structure from the primary meaning’s structure, and also analyses how collocations correlate with valency structure. The empirical base for analysis was extracted from the Russian corpus ruskell 1.6 in Sketch Engine. It consists of 1516 collocates in total used both in primary and metaphorical contexts. Formal corpus analysis of collocations demonstrate that unlike the primary meaning, metaphorical meaning is more strict and less variable when we talk about syntagmatic rules of filling patient (valency A1), source, or primary point (A2) and goal, or final point (A3), and interval (A4). As a result of analysis, we could extract several syntagmatic groups that are correlated with the metaphorical meaning only. Corpus-based analysis helps with identifying typical and marginal types that fill the valencies, nevertheless analysis of collocates that trigger metaphorical shift is more important. In the research, we focus on the syntagmatic group “noun(nom) + predicate” that marks patient’s valency. Semi-automated tagging of patient and semantic analysis of patient let us determine some specific lexical and semantic features and classify semantic groups (as parameter, property) that are typical for the metaphorical meaning. The author suggests that the mixed corpus-based approach, which is demonstrated in the paper, could be used in analysis of more general predicate metaphorical field as “get more <less>”.

Keywords
metaphor, corpus-based approach in semantics, collocations, valency structure, association score, semantic features, syntagmatic pattern
References
Apresian 1995
Iu. D. Apresian. Izbrannye trudy, tom I. Leksicheskaia semantika: 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. [Selected works - Lexical semantics]. Moscow: Shkola “Yazyki russkoy kultury”, Izdatelskaya firma “Vostochnaya literatura” RAN, 1995.
Apresian et al. 2004
Iu. D. Apresian, L. L. Iomdin, A. V. Sannikov, V. G. Sizov. Semanticheskaya razmetka v gluboko annotirovannom korpuse russkogo yazyka [Semantic tagging in deeply tagged Russian language corpus]. V. P. Zakharov (ed.). Trudy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii «Korpusnaya lingvistika — 2004». [Proceedings of the international conference “Corpus linguistics — 2004”]. Sankt-Petersburg: Sankt-Petersburg State University Press, 2004. P. 41–54.
Apresian et al. 2005
Iu. D. Apresian, I. M. Boguslavskii, B. L. Iomdin, L. L. Iomdin, A. V. Sannikov, V. Z. Sannikov, V. G. Sizov, L. L. Tsinman. Sintaksicheski i semanticheski annotirovannyi korpus russkogo iazyka: sovremennoe sostoianie i perspektivy [Syntactically and semantically tagged corpus of Russian language: present situation and prospects]. V. A. Plungyan (ed.) National Russian language Corpus: 2003—2005. Moscow: Indrik, 2005. P. 193—214.
Apresian et al. 2010
Iu. D. Apresian, I. M. Boguslavskii, L. L. Iomdin, V. Z. Sannikov, Iu. D. Apresian (eds.). Teoreticheskie problemy russkogo sintaksisa: Vzaimodeistvie grammatiki i slovaria. Otv. red. Iu.D. Apresian. [Theoretical issues of Russian syntax: interaction of grammar and lexicon]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskikh kultur, 2010.
Apresian et al. 2019
V. Iu. Apresian, Iu. D. Apresian, O. V. Dragoi, B. L. Iomdin, A. K. Laurinavichiute, I. B. Levontina, K. A. Lopukhin, A. A. Lopukhina, E. V. Uryson. O metode kompleksnogo semanticheskogo, statisticheskogo i psikholingvisticheskogo analiza mnogoznachnosti [A Multifaceted Approach to Semantic, Statistical, and Psycholinguistic Analysis of Lexical Polysemy]. Russkaya rech. 2019. No. 1. P. 8—17.
Deignan 2005
A. Deignan. Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Bejamins Publishing Company, 2005.
Dobrić 2014
N. Dobrić. Linguist, Klagenfurt, and Universität Klagenfurt. Theory and Practice of Corpus-based Semantics. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH + Co, 2014.
Glynn, Fisher 2010
D. Glynn, K. Fischer. Techniques and tools. Corpus methods and statistics for semantics. D. Glynn, J. A. Robinson (eds.). Quantitative cognitive semantics. Corpus-driven approaches. Berlin & New Yourk: Mouton de Gruyter, 2010. P. 307–341.
Gries, Divjak 2010
St. Th. Gries, D. Divjak. Behavioral profiles: a corpus-based approach to cognitive semantic analysis. V. Evans, S. Puorcel (eds.). New directions in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. P. 57–75.
Hanks 1996
P. Hanks. Contextual dependency and lexical sets. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 1996. Vol. 1. Iss. 1. P. 75–98.
Hanks 2006
P. Hanks. Metaphoricity is gradable. A. Stefanowitsh, S. Th. Gries (eds.). Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy (Trend in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs). Berlin: New York: Mouton de Gruyeter, 2006. P. 17–35.
Khokhlova, Zakharov 2010
M. Khokhlova, V. Zakharov. Studying Word Sketches for Russian. N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, J. Odijk, S. Piperidis, M. Rosner, D. Tapias (eds.). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’12), Valletta Malta: European Language Resources Association, 2010. P. 3491–3494.
Kilgarriff et al. 2014
A. Kilgarriff, V. Baisa, J. Bušta, M. Jakubícek, V. Kovár, J. Michelfeit, P. Rychlý, V. Suchomel. The Sketch Engine: ten years on. Lexicography. 2014. Vol. 1. Iss. 1. Р. 7–36.
Kobritsov et al. 2007
B. P. Kobritsov, O. N. Liashevskaia, S. Iu. Toldova. Sniatie semanticheskoy mnogoznachnosti glagolov s ispolzovaniem modelei upravleniia, izvlechennykh iz elektronnykh tolkovykh slovarey [Extraction of verb argument structure from a dictionary in word sense reduction applications]. Available at: https://cache-ash02.cdn.yandex.net/download.yandex.ru/IMAT2007/kobricov.pdf (accessed on 19.04.2019).
Kustova et al. 2005
G. I. Kustova, O. N. Liashevskaia, E. V. Paducheva, E. V. Rakhilina. Semanticheskaya razmetka leksiki v Natsionalnom korpuse russkogo yazyka: printsipy, problemy, perspektivy [Semantic lexical annotation in Russian National Corpus: principles, issues, prospects]. V. A. Plyngjan (ed.). Natsionalnyy korpus russkogo yazyka: 2003–2005. Rezultaty i perspektivy [National Russian language corpus: 2003–2005. Results and perspectives]. Moscow: Indrik, 2005. P. 155–174.
Lakoff 2004
J. Lakoff, M. Johnson. Metafory, kotorymi my zhivem [Metaphors We Live By]. Moscow: Editorial, 2004.
Reznikova, 2015
T. I. Reznikova, A. S. Vyrenkova. Semantics of falling: a cross-linguistic approach. National Research University Higher School of Economics. Working papers by the Basic Research Program: “Linguistics”. 2015. № 40.
Stefanowitsch, Gries, 2003
A. Stefanowitsch, St. Th. Gries. Collostructions: Investigating the interaction of words and constructions. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 2003. 8 (2). P. 209–243.
Stefanowitsch, Gries 2006
A. Stefanowitsch, St. Th. Gries (Hg.). Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy (Trend in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs). Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyeter, 2006.
Vezhbitska 1999
A. Vezhbitska. Semanticheskie universalii i opisanie iazykov. [Semantic universals and language description]. Moscow: Yazyki russkoy kultury, 1999.
Keywords
metaphor, corpus-based approach in semantics, collocations, valency structure, association score, semantic features, syntagmatic pattern
ScopusSCImago Journal & Country RankE-Library.ruCrossRefCyberLeninkaVAKERIH Plus