DOI:10.30842/alp23065737193468524
Stoynova N. M. Issledovaniye kategorii
soputstvuyushchego dvizheniya na materiale parallelnykh tekstov
Novogo Zaveta: pokazateli predshestvuyushchego dvizheniya vs
dvizheniya s tselyu v tunguso-manchzhurskikh yazykakh. Acta
Linguistica Petropolitana. 468–524.
In this paper, I use parallel Bible translations to investigate
the category of “associated motion” (AM) and describe in detail the
use of the AM-suffix -ndA in Tungusic based on this
data.
This suffix has been ascribed two cross-linguistically
non-trivial features: first, it is spatially neutral, i.e. it can
be used in both andative (‘thither’) and ventive (‘hither’)
contexts; and second, it can have a narrow meaning of
motion-cum-purpose (‘go to V’). To verify these two claims, I used
the Gospel of Luke in Nanai, Even, and Evenki translations and the
Gospel of Matthew in Nanai where I annotated all prior motion
contexts (‘go/come and then V’, ‘go/come to V’).
To test the spatial neutrality of -ndA, I calculated
the number of andative contexts (‘go’) marked with -ndA
vs. other means. The same procedure was applied to ventive contexts
(‘come’). The results show that though -ndA can indeed
occur in either type of contexts, it is more often found in
andative ones.
To clarify the exact meaning of -ndA within the prior
motion domain and contribute to a more general discussion on the
cross-linguistic relevance of distinguishing a separate category of
motion-cum-purpose, I classified all the contexts of prior motion
into seven types arranged from clearly non-purposive to clearly
purposive contexts. The suffix -ndA does not cover clearly
non-purposive contexts and, in this sense, it is indeed a dedicated
motion-cum-purpose marker. On the other hand, clearly purposive
contexts are not central for -ndA either as it tends to
occur in contexts intermediate between purposive and non-purposive
ones.
I also discuss Bible translations as a reliable source of
linguistic data. In particular, I compared the uses of AM-markers
in Luke to those found in spontaneous narratives, as well as in two
translations of Matthew (1884) vs. Luke (2002). The Bible data
appear to be safe enough, although some syntactic calques from
Russian do take place.
This study shows the top-down (meaning-form) approach to
parallel Bible translations proposed in this volume to be fruitful
for investigation of some specific features of AM-markers. However,
its use seems problematic for a wide cross-linguistic study of
associated motion and of other peripheral grammatical categories.
The problem is that they may occur in less predictable contexts;
e.g., affixes with the meaning ‘go and V’ may be found far beyond
the contexts explicitly marked with the verb ‘go’ in languages
lacking such morphemes. The bottom-up (form-meaning) approach used,
e.g., by B. Wälchli seems to be more promising for this
purpose.
Keywords
associated motion, motion cum purpose,
Tungusic languages, Nanai, parallel Bible translations
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