DOI:10.30842/alp23065737193357391
Kuznetsova Yu. N., Podgornaya A. D. K
opisaniyu relevantnykh kontekstov dlya eksperiyentivnosti v Novom
Zavete. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 357–391.
The Experiential occupies a peripheral position in the aspectual
zone and indicates that X has participated in a given
situation at least once during a certain period and has acquired
certain qualities due to this experience. In this paper, we present
a list of contexts with experiential meaning identified in five
books of the New Testament (The Gospel of Matthew, The Gospel of
Mark, The Gospel of Luke, The Gospel of John, and The Acts of the
Holy Apostles) in eight languages (Ancient Greek, Latin, Spanish,
English, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Udmurt). Particular attention
was paid to the latter three languages, because Udmurt and Japanese
use specialized encoding for this meaning, while Chinese has a
marker covering not only experiential, but also existential
contexts. The latter exclude the component of characterisation and
thus adhere to the category of the Existential, whereas the other
languages in the sample use other grammatical means (the perfect in
European languages or the imperfective aspect in Russian).
Additional translations were examined for Chinese and English due
to the frequent periphrases in the Chinese translation and the
peculiarities of the usage of the Perfect in the King James Bible.
Preselected contexts were ranked on the basis of how many languages
encoded the experiential meaning with the expected means. As a
result, 59 contexts were identified and grouped according to their
prototypicality into nuclear, typical, peripheral, and marginal
contexts. Whereas the Chinese marker (51 uses overall) appears
sporadically in marginal contexts, some of which could be
categorised as existential, there are no instances of a Japanese
experiential construction (29 contexts) in this group. At the same
time, the use of the specialized means in Udmurt (10 contexts) is
limited to only nuclear and typical contexts. Other languages,
except for Ancient Greek and Udmurt, code the majority of the
selected contexts with the expected means. We developed a
classification of contexts according to a set of typologically
relevant morphological, syntactic and semantic parameters that
include: sentence polarity, adverbial support, relevance of the
experience for the speech time, animacy and the semantic role of
the subject of experience, and multiplicity of experience. The
results of our research can be useful for further typological and
language-specific studies of the experiential aspect.
Keywords
experiential aspect, parallel corpora,
Chinese, Japanese, Udmurt, Russian, English, Spanish, Latin,
Ancient Greek
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