ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies
ISSN: 2306-5737E-ISSN: 2658-4069
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana
Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies 

Morphophonemic variation in Luwian clitic chains and the origin of the particle [꞊r]

DOI:10.30842/alp23065737181485502
PDF, 802.76 kb
Yakubovich Ilya. Morphophonemic variation in Luwian clitic chains and the origin of the particle [꞊r]. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. 2022. 18(1): 485–502.

The Luwian language was spoken in Ancient Anatolia and is attested through written texts that are approximately datable to 1500–800 BCE. It belongs to the Anatolian sub-family of the Indo-European family and thus represents a close relative of Hittite. The Luwian language is attested in cuneiform and hieroglyphic scripts, but the present paper is based on the data in cuneiform transmission, which reflects better the Luwian phonological system. As typical of the Anatolian languages, Luwian features the second-position Wackernagel clitics, which are arranged vis-à-vis each other according to their formal ranks but can undergo morphophonemic changes in sandhi with each other. Establishing the correct inventory of the Luwian clitics is impossible without studying the licensing conditions and outcomes of such processes. The present paper approaches this problem from the perspective of morphophonemic variation in parallel versions of Luwian cuneiform incantations.

One of the outcomes of the conducted analysis is the demonstration that the cuneiform sequences a-ta-tar and a-at-tar can reflect the same clitic chain /a꞊ada꞊dar/ at the morphophonemic level. This alternation provides a new argument toward vindicating the existence of the fortis/lenis opposition in the Luwian phonological system, which is superimposed upon the inherited opposition between voiced and voiceless plosives. Another result of this paper is the observation that the particles [꞊dar] and [꞊r], previously regarded as independent lexical units, represent allomorphs of the same clitic. The occurrences of [꞊r] are limited to the position after the pronominal clitics /꞊du/, /꞊mu/, and /꞊di/, while the variant [꞊dar] occurs after the pronominal clitics /꞊as/, /꞊an/, and /꞊ada/. A formal account involving “weak” and “strong” clitics is put forward to capture this distribution, but its ultimate rationale must have to do with the laws governing syncope and lenition in Luwian. Quite aside from its linguistic conclusions, the present paper sheds light on a number of obscure and mostly fragmentary Luwian passages, which have defied satisfactory account thus far.

Keywords
Luwian Language, cuneiform, Wackernagel clitics, morphophonemics
References
Blevins 2004
J. Blevins. Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Garrett, Kurke 1994
A. Garrett, L. Kurke. Pudenda Asiae Minoris. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 1994. Vol. 96. P. 75–83.
Giusfredi 2014
F. Giusfredi. The Cuneiform Luwian Local Particles and the Obscure Particle -(V)r. P. Taracha, M. Kapełuś (eds.). Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Hittitology (Warsaw, 5–9 September 2011). Warsaw: Agade, 2014. P. 308–316.
Goedegebuure 2010
P. Goedegebuure. The Luwian adverbs zanda “down” and *ānni “with, for, against”. A. Süel (ed.). Acts of the VIIth International Congress of Hittitology (Çorum, August 25–31, 2008). Ankara: Anıt, 2010. P. 299–318.
Hawkins 2000
J. D. Hawkins. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. I. Pt. I, II: Texts. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, 2000.
Jiménez Delgado 2017
J. M. Jiménez Delgado. The Particle ἄρα from the 2nd to the 1st Millennium. M.-L. Nosch, H. L. Enegren (eds.). Aegean Scripts: Proceedings of the 14th International Colloquium on Mycenaean Studies (Copenhagen, 2–5 September 2015). Incunabula Graeca CV, 1. Roma: Edizioni Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 2017. P. 537–547.
Katz 2017
J. Katz. The epic adventures of an unknown particle. C. George, M. McCullagh, B. Nielsen, A. Ruppel (eds.). Greek and Latin from an Indo-European Perspective. (Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society Supplementary Volume 32). Cambridge: Cambridge Philological Society, 2017. P. 65–79.
Melchert 1988
H. Craig Melchert. Luvian Lexical Notes. Historische Sprachforschung. 1988. Vol. 101. P. 211–243.
Melchert 1993
H. Craig Melchert. Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon. Chapel Hill: Self-published, 1993.
Melchert 2004
H. Craig Melchert. A Dictionary of the Lycian Language. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave, 2004.
Melchert 2011
H. Craig Melchert. Enclitic subject pronouns in Hieroglyphic Luvian. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies (Aramazd). 2011. Vol. 6. Pt. 2. P. 73–86.
Melchert 2016
H. Craig Melchert. New Luwian Verb Etymologies. H. Marquardt, S. Reichmuth, J.-V. García Trabazo (eds.). Anatolica et Indogermanica. Studia linguistica in honorem Johannes Tischler septuagenarii dedicata. (Innsbrucker Beträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 155). Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, 2016. P. 203–212.
Rieken 2008
E. Rieken. Die Zeichen <ta>, <tá> und <tà> in den hieroglyphen- luwischen Inschriften der Nachgroßreichszeit. A. Archi, R. Francia (eds.). VI Congresso Internazionale di Ittitologia (Roma, 5–9 settembre 2005). Pt. 2. P. 637–649 (= Studi Micenei et Anatolici. 2008. Vol. 50. P. 637–649).
Rieken 2017
E. Rieken. Word-internal plene spelling with <i> and <e> in Cuneiform Luwian Texts. Journal of Language Relationship. 2017. Vol. 15. Pt. 1. P. 19–30.
Rieken, Yakubovich 2010
E. Rieken, I. Yakubovich. The New Values of Luwian Signs L 319 and L 172. I. Singer (ed.). Ipamati kistamati pari tumatimis: Luwian and Hittite Studies presented to J. David Hawkins on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Tel-Aviv: Institute of Archaeology, 2010. P. 199–219.
Rieken, Yakubovich forthcoming
E. Rieken, I. Yakubovich. Hidden Pronominal Clitics in Luwian Texts. To appear in a forthcoming Festschrift.
Sasseville 2020
D. Sasseville. Anatolian Verbal Stem Formation: Luwian, Lycian, and Lydian. (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics 21). Leiden: Brill, 2020.
Simon 2020a
Z. Simon. The Anatolian Stop System and the Indo-Hittite Hypothesis — Revisited. M. Serangeli, Th. Olander (eds.). Dispersals and Diversification: Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Changes in Indo-European. Leiden: Brill, 2020. P. 236–250.
Simon 2020b
Z. Simon. Cuneiform Luwian ꞊kuwa: Form and Meaning. Hungarian Assyriological Review. 2020. Vol. 1. P. 39–42.
Starke 1985
F. Starke. Die keilschrift-luwischen Texte in Umschrift. (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten 30). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1985.
Vertegaal 2020
X. Vertegaal. Syllable Weight Gradation in the Luwic Languages. Transactions of Philological Society. 2020. Vol. 118. Pt. 2. P. 211–236.
Yakubovich 2010
I. Yakubovich. Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language. (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics 21). Leiden: Brill, 2010.
Yakubovich 2013/2014
I. Yakubovich. The Luwian Deity Kwanza. Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies (Aramazd). 2013/2014. Vol. 8. Pt. 1–2. P. 282–297.
Yakubovich 2015
I. Yakubovich. The Luwian Language. Oxford Handbooks Online (21 Oct. 2015). Available at: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780199935345.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935345-e-18 (accessed on 7.11.2020).
Keywords
Luwian Language, cuneiform, Wackernagel clitics, morphophonemics
E-Library.ruScopusCrossRefCyberLeninkaVAKERIH Plus