Yattuka and Tuwali Ifugao hudhud: Yattuka, Keley-I, and Tuwali Ifugao interference
DOI:10.30842/alp2306573714223
Klimenko S. B., Stanyukovich M. V.
Khudkhud narodov yattuka i tuvali ifugao: interferentsiya mezhdu
yattuka, keley-i i tuvali ifugao. Acta Linguistica
Petropolitana. 585.
The hudhud — epic genre in the Ifugao
province of Northern Luzon — is sung in at least three languages:
two Central Cordilleran languages — Tuwali Ifugao and Amganad
Ifugao — and one Southern Cordilleran language — Yattuka. There
have been numerous claims that Tuwali hudhud texts employ elements
from one or more Southern Cordilleran languages. The paper attempts
to address the following questions: (i) which Southern Cordilleran
language do these elements come from — Keley-i, Yattuka, or both;
(ii) is there any linguistic evidence of Southern Cordilleran
origin of hudhud genre; (iii) are there elements borrowed from
Tuwali in Yattuka hudhud? These issues are approached through
examination of possible grammatical and lexical borrowings in
several hudhud texts in Tuwali and Yattuka. The major findings
include a limited amount of grammatical interference both in
Yattuka and Tuwali texts and a more conspicuous number of lexical
borrowings in Tuwali texts, although a minor number of Tuwali
borrowings is also present in Yattuka texts.
Keywords
References
S. Acabado. The archaeology of the
Ifugao agricultural terraces: antiquity and social organization.
Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai’i, Manoa, 2010.
P. O. Afable. Notes for an
ethnohistory of the Southern Cordillera, Northern Luzon: A focus on
Kalanguya // Journal of History 50(1–4), 2004. P. 152–174.
B. Arsenio, G. Stallsmith. Preserving
Living Traditions in Live Performances: A TraditionalMusic and
DanceTroupe of the Kalanguya of the Northern Philippines. Paper
delivered at the 2nd International Conference on Language
Development, Language Revitalization, andMultilingual Education in
Ethnolinguistic Communities, Bangkok, Thailand, 2008.
R. F. Barton. The religion of the
Ifugaos, Menasha, WI // American Anthropologist 48(4, pt. 2), 1946.
P. 1–219.
R. Blench, F. Campos. Recording oral
literature in a literate society: A case study from the Northern
Philippines // M. Turin, I. Gunn (eds.). Language Documentation and
Description, Vol. 8, Special issue: Oral Literature and Language
Endangerment. London: Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project,
Department of Linguistics, School of Oriental and African Studies,
2010. P. 49–65. Cunningham, Goetz 1963—M. C. Cunningham, J. E.
Goetz. Pronoun formatives in Amganad Ifugao. Manila: Goudswaard,
Manila: Linguistic Society of Philippines and SIL, 1963.
A. T. Daguio. Hudhud hi Aliguyun //
Epics of the Philippines. Anthology of the ASEANliteratures, vol.
1.QuezonCity, 1983. P. 17–66.
L. S. Dulawan. Singing Hudhud in
Ifugao // N. Revel (ed.). Literature of Voice. Epics in the
Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University, 2005. P.
115–124.
L. Dulawan, N. Revel. Aliguyon nak
Binenwahen. Quezon City: The Philippine epics and ballads archive
of the Ateneo de Manila University, 1993.
L. Dulawan, N. Revel. Bugan an
Imbayagda. Quezon City: The Philippine epics and ballads archive of
the Ateneo de Manila University, 1997.
L. Dulawan, N. Revel. Bugan nak
Pangaiwan. Quezon City: The Philippine epics and ballads archive of
the Ateneo de Manila University, 1997.
M.Dulawan. Oral literature of the
Ifugao. Manila: NCCA, 2000.
W. A. Foley. Anthropological
Linguistics: an introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1997.
H.Hammarström, S.Bank, R. Forkel,
M.Haspelmath. Glottolog 3.2. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the
Science of Human History URL http://glottolog.org, Accessed on
2018-04-09.
R. S. Himes. The Southern Cordilleran
group of Philippine Languages // Oceanic Linguistics 37(1), 1998.
P. 120–177.
B. M. Hodder. Functions of cleft
constructions in expository and hortatory discourse in Mayoyao
Ifugao // Philippine Journal of Linguistics 30, 1999. P.
31–74.
L. Hohulin, M. Kenstowicz. Keley-i
phonology and morphophonemic // N. D. Liem (ed.). Southeast Asian
linguistic studies 4, 1979. P. 241–254.
L. Hohulin, A. Hale. Notes on Keley-i
relational grammar: I // Studies in Philippine Linguistics 1–2,
1977. P. 231–263.
R. M. Hohulin, A. Hale. Physical,
temporal, and cognitive location in Keley-i demonstratives //
Studies in Philippine Linguistics 1:2, 1977. P. 209–230.
R. M. Hohulin, E. L. Hohulin. Tuwali
Ifugao dictionary and grammar sketch. Manila: Linguistic Society of
the Philippines, 2014. Klimenko 2012 — S. B. Klimenko. Motion verbs
in Tagalog, Ilokano and Tuwali Ifugao. MA thesis, University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 2012.
F. Lambrecht. Ifugao epic story:
Hudhud of Aliguyun at Hananga // University of Manila Journal of
East Asiatic Studies 6(34), 1957. P. 1–203.
F. Lambrecht. Ifugaw hu'dhud. Hudhud
of Aliguyun who was bored by the rustle of the palm tree at
Aladugen // Folklore Studies 19, 1960. P. 1–175.
F. Lambrecht. Ifugaw hu'dhud
(continued). Hu'dhud of Bugan with whom the ravens flew away, at
Gonhadan // Folklore Studies 20, 1961. P. 136–273.
F. Lambrecht. Ifugao Hu'dhud
literature // Saint Louis Quarterly 3(2), 1965. P. 191–214.
F. Lambrecht. The Hudhud of Dinulawan
and Bugan at Gonhadon // Saint Louis Quarterly 5(3–4), 1967. P.
267–365.
F. Lambrecht. Ifugaw-English
dictionary. Baguio City: The Catholica Vicar Apostolic of the
Mountain Province, 1978.
A. F. Madrid. Four Discourse Genre in
Amganad Ifugao // Studies in Philippine Linguistics 4(1), 1980. P.
101–143.
National Statistics Office of the
Philippines. Census, 2010. URL https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/
files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Cordillera%20Administrative%20Region.pdf.
L. E. Newell. Batad Ifugao
Dictionarywith Ethnographic Notes. Manila: Linguistic Society of
the Philippines, 2005 (1993).
L. E. Newell. Role relationships and
lexical descriptions applied to Batad Ifugao.Manila: Linguistic
Society of the Philippines, 2008.
L. A. Reid. Historical linguistics
and Philippine hunter-gatherers // L. Billings, N. Goudswaard
(eds.). Piakandatu ami Dr. Howard P. McKaughan. Manila: Linguistic
Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines, 2007. P. 6–32. Reid
2013 — L. A. Reid. Origins of Suppletive Forms for Say in Bontok,
Northern Luzon, the Philippines. A paper delivered at the 23rd
Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
(SEALS23), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. May 29–31,
2013.
L. A. Reid, H.-C. Liao. A brief
syntactic typology of Philippine languages // Language and
Linguistics 5.2, 2004. P. 433-490.
P. J. Santiago. Information structure
and voice Alternation in Kalanguya // Journal of the Southeast
Asian Linguistics Society 8, 2015. P. 1–23.
P. J. Santiago, D. A. Tadena. Notes
on Kalanguya verbal phenomena. A paper delivered at the Annual
Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society 2013,
Chulalongkorn Univeristy, Bangkok, Thailand.
L. Sawyer. Aspect in Amganad Ifugao
// Anthropological Linguistics 17(3), 1975. P. 107–116.
P. Schachter, F. T. Otanes. Tagalog
ReferenceGrammar. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of
California Press, 1972.
G. F. Simons, C. D. Fennig (eds.).
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas,
Texas: SIL International, 2017. URL
http://www.ethnologue.com.
M. V. Stanyukovich. Hudhud di kolot,
field records. 1995.
M. V. Stanyukovich. A living
shamanistic oral tradition: Ifugao hudhud, the Philippines // Oral
Tradition Journal 18(2), 2003. P. 249–251.
M. V. Stanyukovich. Poetics,
Stylistics and Ritual Functions of Hudhud and Noh // Hudhud and
Noh. A Dialogue of Cultures. Manila: University of the Philippines
Center for International Studies. Palabas. Japan Foundation, 2007.
P. 62–67.
M. V. Stanyukovich.Hudhud ni kolot,
field records, 2012.
M. V. Stanyukovich.Hudhud ni nosi,
field records, 2012.
M. V. Stanyukovich. Ifugao/Kallahan
(Kalanguya): issues of grammar and lexica of hudhud and alim ritual
oral literature // International Conference of Austranesian
Linguistics, 2012. Conference book. URL
http://email.eva.mpg.de/~gil/12ICAL/abstracts/Stanyuko
vich.pdf.
M. V. Stanyukovich. Epics as a Means
to Control Memory and Emotions of Gods and Humans: Ritual
Implications of Hudhud Among the Yattuka and Tuwali Ifugao // N.
Revel (ed.). Songs of Memory in Islands of Southeast Asia.
Cambridge Scholar publications, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 2013. P.
167–204.
M. V. Stanyukovich. Betel, ʻLonely
Heroesʼ and Magic Birth in the Philippines and Beyond: Comparative
Mythology, Field Work and Folklore Corpora // K. Antoni, D. Weiß
(eds.). Sources of Mythology: Ancient and Contemporary Myths.
Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on
Comparative Mythology (15–17 May, Tübingen). Religionswissenschaft:
Forschung und Wissenschaft, 2014. P. 179–206.
UNESCO. UNESCO Issues First ever
Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage,
2014. URL
http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/hudhud-chants-of-the-ifugao-00015.
M. R. Walrod. Three criteria for
establishing dialect boundaries // Studies in Philippine
Linguistics 2(1), 1978. P. 1–35.
A. West. The semantics of focus in
Amganad Ifugao // Linguistics 11(110), 1973. P. 98–121.
